There are two groups of small muscles around the head area:
– Muscles of mastication: they are short and broad, and as their name states, they enable chewing by bringing the jaw together with the upper maxillary.
– Facial muscles: located on the face, they are flat and thin and enable us to make facial gestures. A few of the most used ones are the occipitofrontalis muscle (frowns and lifts the eyebrows), the orbicularis oris muscle (moves the lips) and the risorius muscle (lifts the corners of the mouth).
The muscles of the neck are highly resistant, which enables them to move the head and maintain an upright position. The most important groups of muscles are:
– The lateral muscles of the neck: one of the best known ones is the sternocleidomastoideus, which flexes the neck and turns the head.
– Hyoid muscles: they receive this name because they lift and lower the hyoid bone (pharynx). They also lower the jaw.
– Muscles of the nape of the neck: they are found at the back part of the neck. One of the most important ones is the splenius muscle, which stretches, rotates and twists the head and neck.
On our back, we have the strongest muscles of the body, because they are the ones that keep of standing and upright. The most well-known ones are the trapezius, the posterior serratus and the broad dorsal (latissimus dorsi) muscle.
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