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It is a region of high plateaus broken by mountain ranges. Mountain ranges make up nearly three quarters of its area (the main mountain system is the Hindu Kush, which has the highest altitude: 7,620 metres above sea level) and the rest is made up of lowlands.

In the north there are several river valleys and in the south and southwest there are a number of desert regions. Although the country is in a subtropical area, the climate displays great variations, due to its high average altitude. Winter is very cold and summer is very hot.

As it is an extremely poor country, its economy is almost 70% dependent on agriculture and livestock. Its main crops are cereals, dried fruit and cotton.


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